My family
Welcome to my genealogy homepage. This collection of pages is devoted to my family research. It covers two aspects. First to give readers an idea of my research interests and second to encourage you to contact me if our interests overlap either by the family or by location of interest. There are also some pages with some detailed information relating to Nonconformists in Northamptonshire and surrounding areas, with particular reference to the Baptists in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Have a look at my Picture Gallery too and see if you can recognise anyone.
This area of the site brings together some information about my Packwood branch. I am looking for other researchers who would like to contribute to this area with interests in the Packwood family in the UK.
Names and Places
So that you can quickly see the areas of my research, here is a table of my main family lines I am searching and the locations of interest.
There is a second version of this table but collated by place.
| Name | Place | Earliest date | Latest date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ABBOT | Rushden, Northamptonshire | 1725 | 1801 |
| ADAMS | Islington, Middlesex | 1880 | 1880 |
| Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1832 | 1933 | |
| Towcester, Northamptonshire | 1796 | 1831 | |
| BARRY | Canford Magna, Dorset | 1825 | 1857 |
| BOFFIN | Bicester, Oxfordshire | 1878 | 1878 |
| Brinklow, Warwickshire | 1807 | 1814 | |
| Chester, Cheshire | 1938 | 1938 | |
| Clifton upon Dunsmore, Warwickshire | 1815 | 1815 | |
| Croughton, Northamptonshire | 1779 | 1853 | |
| Deddington, Oxfordshire | 1856 | 1856 | |
| Farmington, Oxfordshire | 1878 | 1878 | |
| Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire | 1912 | 1912 | |
| Hethe, Oxfordshire | 1828 | 1828 | |
| Paulerspury, Northamptonshire | 1884 | 1884 | |
| Steeple Barton, Oxfordshire | 1859 | 1859 | |
| Stoke Lyne, Oxfordshire | 1836 | 1894 | |
| Twyford, Buckingham | 1853 | 1853 | |
| BRYAN | Potterspury, Northamptonshire | 1915 | 1915 |
| CLARK | Chelveston, Northamptonshire | 1810 | 1810 |
| Rushden, Northamptonshire | 1734 | 1788 | |
| Towcester, Northamptonshire | 1830 | 1830 | |
| CLARKE | Melchbourne, Bedfordshire | 1843 | 1843 |
| Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1832 | 1923 | |
| Stanwick, Northamptonshire | 1761 | 1785 | |
| Towcester, Northamptonshire | 1812 | 1812 | |
| COBERN | Edmondsham, Dorset | 1804 | 1876 |
| COLE | Canford Magna, Dorset | 1816 | 1816 |
| Coggeshall, Essex | 1841 | 1841 | |
| Farthinghoe, Northamptonshire | 1754 | 1754 | |
| Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire | 1857 | 1857 | |
| Islington, Middlesex | 1889 | 1889 | |
| COLSON | Fylde | 1898 | 1898 |
| New York, USA | 1880 | 1880 | |
| Cayuga County, New York, USA | 1880 | 1880 | |
| Chackmore, Buckinghamshire | 1834 | 1834 | |
| Denford, Northamptonshire | 1813 | 1813 | |
| Kettering, Northamptonshire | 1817 | 1817 | |
| Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1923 | 1923 | |
| Rushden, Northamptonshire | 1820 | 1895 | |
| Watford, Hertfordshire | 1948 | 1948 | |
| Wellingborough, Northamptonshire | 1845 | 1845 | |
| Wollaston, Northamptonshire | 1784 | 1852 | |
| CRADDOCK | Harlestone, Northamptonshire | 1760 | 1809 |
| Kingsthorpe, Northamptonshire | 1735 | 1735 | |
| Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1708 | 1708 | |
| Rothersthorpe, Northamptonshire | 1792 | 1792 | |
| Wellingborough, Northamptonshire | 1759 | 1759 | |
| DARLOW | Alfreton, Derbyshire | 1919 | 1919 |
| Brentford, Middlesex | 1922 | 1922 | |
| Buckden, Huntingdonshire | 1796 | 1901 | |
| Eaton Socon, Bedfordshire | 1934 | 1934 | |
| Glatton, Huntingdonshire | 1832 | 1832 | |
| Hampstead, Middlesex | 1911 | 1911 | |
| Haringey, Middlesex | 1902 | 1902 | |
| Hemingford Grey, Huntingdonshire | 1865 | 1899 | |
| Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire | 1855 | 1883 | |
| Irchester, Northamptonshire | 1838 | 1838 | |
| Islington, Middlesex | 1915 | 1970 | |
| Lambeth, Surrey | 1877 | 1894 | |
| Marylebone, Middlesex | 1856 | 1884 | |
| Matching, Essex | 1863 | 1866 | |
| Mayfair, London | 1898 | 1901 | |
| Paddington, London | 1925 | 1925 | |
| Shoreditch, Middlesex | 1898 | 1898 | |
| St Ives, Huntingdonshire | 1893 | 1893 | |
| St Neots, Huntingdonshire | 1793 | 1793 | |
| DREW | Buckden, Huntingdonshire | 1844 | 1844 |
| Eaton Socon, Bedfordshire | 1762 | 1775 | |
| Sawtry, Huntingdonshire | 1844 | 1844 | |
| St Neots, Huntingdonshire | 1793 | 1793 | |
| ESTER | Edmondsham, Dorset | 1823 | 1842 |
| EVANS | Brinklow, Warwickshire | 1807 | 1807 |
| Coventry, Warwickshire | 1795 | 1858 | |
| Foleshill, Warwickshire | 1769 | 1769 | |
| Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1853 | 1891 | |
| St Ives, Huntingdonshire | 1847 | 1849 | |
| Walpole St Peter, Norfolk | 1817 | 1818 | |
| Walpole, Huntingdonshire | 1844 | 1844 | |
| Wisbech, Cambridgeshire | 1844 | 1844 | |
| FEAST | Canford Magna, Dorset | 1828 | 1828 |
| Holdenhurst, Hampshire | 1752 | 1779 | |
| FISHER | Kislingbury, Northamptonshire | 1840 | 1840 |
| Rothersthorpe, Northamptonshire | 1792 | 1817 | |
| FLANDERS | Bayswater, London | 1898 | 1898 |
| Brampton, Huntingdonshire | 1796 | 1854 | |
| Buckden, Huntingdonshire | 1820 | 1829 | |
| Irchester, Northamptonshire | 1828 | 1873 | |
| Keysoe, Bedfordshire | 1722 | 1852 | |
| Kilsby, Northamptonshire | 1844 | 1850 | |
| Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1919 | 1919 | |
| Rushden, Northamptonshire | 1796 | 1796 | |
| Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire | 1866 | 1866 | |
| Southam, Warwickshire | 1849 | 1849 | |
| Wollaston, Northamptonshire | 1840 | 1840 | |
| Yardley Hastings, Northamptonshire | 1895 | 1922 | |
| FRENCH | Paulerspury, Northamptonshire | 1853 | 1859 |
| GOODWIN | Alconbury-cum-Weston, Huntingdonshire | 1776 | 1792 |
| Irchester, Northamptonshire | 1814 | 1857 | |
| GREEN | Corby, Northamptonshire | 1834 | 1866 |
| Dallington, Northamptonshire | 1834 | 1856 | |
| Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1837 | 1906 | |
| Paulerspury, Northamptonshire | 1859 | 1859 | |
| Potterspury, Northamptonshire | 1817 | 1837 | |
| HARRIS | Chacombe, Northamptonshire | 1801 | 1817 |
| Duston, Northamptonshire | 1803 | 1843 | |
| Kislingbury, Northamptonshire | 1887 | 1887 | |
| HENSON | Brixworth, Northamptonshire | 1927 | 1965 |
| Chapel en le Frith, Derbyshire | 1913 | 1913 | |
| Deptford, Kent | 1918 | 1918 | |
| Eastbourne, East Sussex | 1919 | 1919 | |
| Frickley, Yorkshire | 1897 | 1903 | |
| Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire | 1893 | 1910 | |
| Mears Ashby, Northamptonshire | 1943 | 1943 | |
| North Bucks, Buckinghamshire | 1948 | 1961 | |
| Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1910 | 1992 | |
| Paulerspury, Northamptonshire | 1822 | 1950 | |
| Potterspury, Northamptonshire | 1745 | 1915 | |
| Rotherham, Yorkshire | 1894 | 1957 | |
| Sheffield, Yorkshire | 1905 | 1905 | |
| Trimulgherry, Madras, India | 1934 | 1936 | |
| Wandsworth, Surrey | 1914 | 1914 | |
| Wellingborough, Northamptonshire | 1930 | 1930 | |
| HILL | Herne, Hampshire | 1798 | 1798 |
| West Parley, Dorset | 1820 | 1820 | |
| HOBBS | Cranford St John, Northamptonshire | 1799 | 1817 |
| Cranford, Northamptonshire | 1810 | 1810 | |
| Rushden, Northamptonshire | 1761 | 1836 | |
| Sale, Cheshire | 1873 | 1873 | |
| Towcester, Northamptonshire | 1880 | 1885 | |
| Westminster, Middlesex | 1833 | 1833 | |
| JEFFERY | Kislingbury, Northamptonshire | 1858 | 1858 |
| Towcester, Northamptonshire | 1744 | 1796 | |
| KERLEY | Cranborne, Dorset | 1806 | 1829 |
| Edmondsham, Dorset | 1868 | 1868 | |
| KNIGHTON | Wollaston, Northamptonshire | 1791 | 1856 |
| LAW | Brixworth, Northamptonshire | 1846 | 1846 |
| Hardwick, Northamptonshire | 1692 | 1713 | |
| LINNELL | Kislingbury, Northamptonshire | 1768 | 1847 |
| LOVE | Milton Ernest, Bedfordshire | 1821 | 1821 |
| Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1797 | 1869 | |
| Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire | 1842 | 1842 | |
| Spratton, Northamptonshire | 1781 | 1781 | |
| Wellingborough, Northamptonshire | 1857 | 1857 | |
| LUTHER | Boscombe, Hampshire | 1876 | 1876 |
| Bournemouth, Hampshire | 1929 | 1982 | |
| Canford Magna, Dorset | 1780 | 1905 | |
| Christchurch, Hampshire | 1892 | 1929 | |
| Dorchester, Dorset | 1926 | 1926 | |
| Ensbury, Dorset | 1865 | 1865 | |
| Holdenhurst, Hampshire | 1779 | 1779 | |
| Moordown, Dorset | 1822 | 2013 | |
| Poole, Dorset | 1867 | 1867 | |
| West Parley, Dorset | 1748 | 1763 | |
| Winton, Hampshire | 1879 | 1947 | |
| MARSHALL | Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire | 1895 | 1895 |
| Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1854 | 1874 | |
| Stanwick, Northamptonshire | 1818 | 1818 | |
| MEAKINS | Potterspury, Northamptonshire | 1795 | 1844 |
| Stoke Bruerne, Northamptonshire | 1784 | 1784 | |
| MORLEY | Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1802 | 1832 |
| NAYLOR | Buckden, Huntingdonshire | 1851 | 1851 |
| Keysoe, Bedfordshire | 1771 | 1788 | |
| Rushden, Northamptonshire | 1796 | 1796 | |
| PACKWOOD | New York, USA | 1832 | 1884 |
| Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire | 1897 | 1897 | |
| Auckland, NZ | 1930 | 1991 | |
| Bedford, Bedfordshire | 1841 | 1853 | |
| Bethnal Green, Middlesex | 1862 | 1862 | |
| Bradford, West Yorkshire | 1892 | 1892 | |
| Cayuga County, New York, USA | 1847 | 1904 | |
| Chelveston, Northamptonshire | 1843 | 1864 | |
| Christchurch, NZ | 1942 | 1982 | |
| Cranford St John, Northamptonshire | 1817 | 1817 | |
| Croydon, Surrey | 1882 | 1905 | |
| Droylsden, Lancashire | 1909 | 1909 | |
| Enfield, Middlesex | 1895 | 1895 | |
| Flitton with Silsoe, Bedfordshire | 1850 | 1850 | |
| Flitton, Bedfordshire | 1853 | 1861 | |
| Grey, Ontario, Canada | 1910 | 1910 | |
| Hackney, Middlesex | 1863 | 1863 | |
| Hardingstone, Northamptonshire | 1884 | 1884 | |
| Irchester, Northamptonshire | 1818 | 1875 | |
| Islington,, | 1880 | 1880 | |
| Islip, Northamptonshire | 1818 | 1870 | |
| Kaiapoi, NZ | 1855 | 1910 | |
| Kersall, Lancashire | 1859 | 1859 | |
| Kettering, Northamptonshire | 1867 | 1867 | |
| Lower Hutt, NZ | 1946 | 1975 | |
| Manchester, Lancashire | 1893 | 2007 | |
| Manchester, Lanchashire | 1885 | 1992 | |
| Melchbourne, Bedfordshire | 1786 | 1878 | |
| Napier, NZ | 1937 | 1937 | |
| Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1851 | 1974 | |
| Nuneaton, Warwickshire | 1938 | 1938 | |
| Onondaga County, New York, USA | 1861 | 1927 | |
| Ontario County, New York, USA | 1908 | 1919 | |
| Ormskirk, Lancashire | 1847 | 1847 | |
| Oswego County, New York, USA | 1927 | 1927 | |
| Petone, NZ | 1894 | 1930 | |
| Podington, Bedfordshire | 1839 | 1839 | |
| Riseley, Bedfordshire | 1836 | 1846 | |
| Rushden, Northamptonshire | 1748 | 1938 | |
| Sale, Cheshire | 1876 | 1895 | |
| Salford, Lancashire | 1860 | 1939 | |
| Seneca, New York, USA | 1908 | 1908 | |
| Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire | 1876 | 1876 | |
| Skelmersdale, Lancashire | 1852 | 1859 | |
| St Neots, Huntingdonshire | 1848 | 1848 | |
| Stanwick, Northamptonshire | 1785 | 1785 | |
| Strixton, Northamptonshire | 1846 | 1851 | |
| Thrapston, Northamptonshire | 1844 | 1931 | |
| Thurleigh, Bedfordshire | 1817 | 1838 | |
| Waikari, NZ | 1880 | 1880 | |
| Wairau, Marlborough, NZ | 1941 | 1941 | |
| Watford, Northamptonshire | 1789 | 1825 | |
| Wellingborough, Northamptonshire | 1837 | 1941 | |
| Wellington, NZ | 1899 | 1966 | |
| Westminster, Middlesex | 1833 | 1833 | |
| Wilby, Northamptonshire | 1825 | 1825 | |
| Wollaston, Northamptonshire | 1817 | 1936 | |
| Wymington, Bedfordshire | 1882 | 1882 | |
| PALMER | Furtho, Northamptonshire | 1716 | 1716 |
| Kislingbury, Northamptonshire | 1796 | 1845 | |
| Milton Malsor, Northamptonshire | 1766 | 1766 | |
| Rothersthorpe, Northamptonshire | 1807 | 1807 | |
| Towcester, Northamptonshire | 1636 | 1833 | |
| Woodford Halse, Northamptonshire | 1717 | 1717 | |
| PARKINS | Buckden, Huntingdonshire | 1826 | 1884 |
| Duston, Northamptonshire | 1872 | 1872 | |
| Godmanchester, Huntingdonshire | 1805 | 1805 | |
| Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire | 1906 | 1906 | |
| Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1907 | 1980 | |
| PARTRIDGE | Bayswater, London | 1898 | 1898 |
| Bozeat, Northamptonshire | 1802 | 1879 | |
| Clerkenwell, Middlesex | 1845 | 1845 | |
| Godmanchester, Huntingdonshire | 1874 | 1874 | |
| Irchester, Northamptonshire | 1866 | 1866 | |
| Pavenham, Bedfordshire | 1869 | 1879 | |
| Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire | 1817 | 1866 | |
| Wellingborough, Northamptonshire | 1870 | 1870 | |
| Wollaston, Northamptonshire | 1818 | 1825 | |
| Yardley Hastings, Northamptonshire | 1928 | 1928 | |
| POLLARD | Hethe, Oxfordshire | 1801 | 1825 |
| RANDLE | Brinklow, Warwickshire | 1806 | 1806 |
| Coventry, Warwickshire | 1795 | 1795 | |
| REYNOLDS | Melchbourne, Bedfordshire | 1840 | 1840 |
| Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1870 | 2000 | |
| Oxford, Oxfordshire | 1944 | 1946 | |
| Padbury, Buckinghamshire | 1769 | 1843 | |
| Ufton, Warwickshire | 1847 | 1847 | |
| Whaddon, Buckinghamshire | 1792 | 1792 | |
| RICE | Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1839 | 1877 |
| Pitsford, Northamptonshire | 1817 | 1817 | |
| ROBINSON | Boughton, Northamptonshire | 1893 | 1893 |
| Irchester, Northamptonshire | 1851 | 1889 | |
| Leicester, Leicestershire | 1831 | 1831 | |
| Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1854 | 1854 | |
| Rushden, Northamptonshire | 1829 | 1929 | |
| Wellingborough, Northamptonshire | 1928 | 1929 | |
| Wollaston, Northamptonshire | 1789 | 1838 | |
| Yardley Hastings, Northamptonshire | 1849 | 1898 | |
| SHEARING | Canford Magna, Dorset | 1858 | 1858 |
| Christchurch, Hampshire | 1827 | 1842 | |
| Hampreston, Dorset | 1850 | 1906 | |
| Herne, Hampshire | 1783 | 1783 | |
| Kingstone, Dorset | 1896 | 1896 | |
| Moordown, Dorset | 1928 | 1928 | |
| St Leonards, Dorset | 1838 | 1838 | |
| West Parley, Dorset | 1820 | 1820 | |
| SHELTON | Doddington, Northamptonshire | 1818 | 1818 |
| Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1858 | 1858 | |
| Podington, Bedfordshire | 1789 | 1789 | |
| Raunds, Northamptonshire | 1764 | 1764 | |
| Wellingborough, Northamptonshire | 1893 | 1964 | |
| Wollaston, Northamptonshire | 1815 | 1888 | |
| SMITH | Dorset | 1730 | 1932 |
| Alconbury, Huntingdonshire | 1868 | 1868 | |
| Blandford, Dorset | 1940 | 1956 | |
| Blisworth, Northamptonshire | 1814 | 1814 | |
| Bournemouth, Hampshire | 1909 | 1986 | |
| Christchurch, Hampshire | 1896 | 1910 | |
| Cranborne, Dorset | 1829 | 1883 | |
| Croughton, Northamptonshire | 1810 | 1827 | |
| Daventry, Northamptonshire | 1704 | 1704 | |
| Duston, Northamptonshire | 1821 | 1841 | |
| Earls Barton, Northamptonshire | 1732 | 1732 | |
| Edmondsham, Dorset | 1797 | 1871 | |
| Hampreston, Dorset | 1897 | 1983 | |
| Hardingstone, Northamptonshire | 1732 | 1732 | |
| Harlestone, Northamptonshire | 1774 | 1774 | |
| Irchester, Northamptonshire | 1854 | 1854 | |
| Kislingbury, Northamptonshire | 1786 | 1980 | |
| Moordown, Dorset | 1929 | 1929 | |
| Newnham, Northamptonshire | 1712 | 1749 | |
| Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1854 | 2016 | |
| Paulerspury, Northamptonshire | 1845 | 1845 | |
| Poole, Dorset | 1915 | 2001 | |
| Potterspury, Northamptonshire | 1755 | 1823 | |
| Raunds, Northamptonshire | 1814 | 1814 | |
| Rushden, Northamptonshire | 1820 | 1852 | |
| Shutlanger, Northamptonshire | 1790 | 1790 | |
| St Marylebone, Middlesex | 1853 | 1853 | |
| Stoke Bruerne, Northamptonshire | 1778 | 1859 | |
| Towcester, Northamptonshire | 1785 | 1910 | |
| Verwood, Dorset | 1865 | 1865 | |
| Whittlebury, Northamptonshire | 1808 | 1808 | |
| Wilby, Northamptonshire | 1719 | 1719 | |
| Wimborne Minster, Dorset | 1888 | 1932 | |
| SPENCE | Wollaston, Northamptonshire | 1784 | 1845 |
| STEWART | Potterspury, Northamptonshire | 1815 | 1850 |
| THORN | Edmondsham, Dorset | 1833 | 1858 |
| Horton, Dorset | 1815 | 1815 | |
| TITE | Church Brampton, Northamptonshire | 1697 | 1697 |
| Earls Barton, Northamptonshire | 1732 | 1758 | |
| Harlestone, Northamptonshire | 1789 | 1789 | |
| Wellingborough, Northamptonshire | 1759 | 1759 | |
| TOMLIN | Kislingbury, Northamptonshire | 1821 | 1862 |
| Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1848 | 1895 | |
| Paulerspury, Northamptonshire | 1785 | 1785 | |
| Rothersthorpe, Northamptonshire | 1817 | 1817 | |
| VORLEY | Aldgate, Middlesex | 1851 | 1851 |
| Bedford, Bedfordshire | 1841 | 1841 | |
| Dallington, Northamptonshire | 1856 | 1856 | |
| Dover, Kent | 1805 | 1805 | |
| Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland | 1813 | 1813 | |
| Leicester, Leicestershire | 1868 | 1917 | |
| Lowestoft, Suffolk | 1907 | 1907 | |
| Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1804 | 1990 | |
| Rushden, Northamptonshire | 1922 | 1926 | |
| Wellingborough, Northamptonshire | 1916 | 1924 | |
| WARD | Banbury, Oxfordshire | 1941 | 1941 |
| Barnet, Middlesex | 1915 | 1960 | |
| Bugbrooke, Northamptonshire | 1871 | 1871 | |
| Dallington, Northamptonshire | 1845 | 1845 | |
| Duston, Northamptonshire | 1826 | 1827 | |
| Eydon, Northamptonshire | 1664 | 1775 | |
| Flore, Northamptonshire | 1708 | 1708 | |
| Frickley, Yorkshire | 1878 | 1903 | |
| Goudhurst, Kent | 1898 | 1898 | |
| Hardingstone, Northamptonshire | 1732 | 1732 | |
| Harpole, Northamptonshire | 1831 | 1831 | |
| Hemingford Grey, Huntingdonshire | 1896 | 1896 | |
| Kensington, Middlesex | 1869 | 1869 | |
| Kislingbury, Northamptonshire | 1756 | 2015 | |
| Lambeth, Surrey | 1871 | 1871 | |
| Leamington, Warwickshire | 1856 | 1859 | |
| Long Buckby, Northamptonshire | 1812 | 1813 | |
| Lutterworth, Leicestershire | 1917 | 1917 | |
| Milton Malsor, Northamptonshire | 1766 | 1852 | |
| Newnham, Northamptonshire | 1749 | 1749 | |
| Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1824 | 2019 | |
| Rothersthorpe, Northamptonshire | 1732 | 1900 | |
| Rushden, Northamptonshire | 1899 | 1985 | |
| Stony Stratford, Buckinghamshire | 1888 | 1888 | |
| Tiffield, Northamptonshire | 1861 | 1861 | |
| Toronto, Ontario, Canada | 1920 | 1974 | |
| Weedon, Northamptonshire | 1863 | 1863 | |
| WATTS | Bicester, Oxfordshire | 1893 | 1893 |
| Duston, Northamptonshire | 1803 | 1847 | |
| Hethe, Oxfordshire | 1801 | 1825 | |
| Kislingbury, Northamptonshire | 1835 | 1854 | |
| Ladbroke, Warwickshire | 1805 | 1805 | |
| Northampton, Northamptonshire | 1895 | 1895 | |
| Rothersthorpe, Northamptonshire | 1846 | 1846 | |
| Stoke Lyne, Oxfordshire | 1825 | 1893 | |
| WELLS | Irchester, Northamptonshire | 1804 | 1842 |
| Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire | 1860 | 1860 |
© Copyright : Graham Ward. All rights reserved.